|
|
  |
| acetabulum |
|
the cup-shaped cavity on the lateral surface of the hip bone; receiving the head of the femur |
| acromioclavicular joint |
|
the point at which the clavicle joins with the acromion |
| acromion |
|
the lateral extension of the spine of the scapula, forming the highest point of the shoulder |
| agenesis |
|
absence of an organ or body part due to it not appearing in the embryo
|
| allele |
|
one or two or more alternative forms of a gene at the same site in a chromosome, which determine alternative characters in inheritance |
| amblyopia |
|
dimness of vision not due to organic defect or refractive errors |
| anemia |
|
reduction below normal of the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells), the quantity of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood |
| anencophaly |
|
congenital absence of the cranial vault, with the cerebral hemispheres completely missing or reduced to small masses |
| anomaly |
|
marked deviation from normal; abnormal |
| anorectum |
|
the distal portion of the digestive tract, including the entire anal canal and the distal 2 cm of the rectum
|
| anteverted |
|
tipped or bent forward |
| antihelix |
|
the curved elevation of cartilage within or in front of the helix |
| aorta |
|
the great artery arising from the left ventricle |
| aortic valve |
|
the valve that guards the entrance to the aorta from the left ventricle |
| aplasia |
|
defective development or complete absence of an organ due to failure of development of the embryonic primordium |
| apnea |
|
temporary cessation of breathing |
| aqueduct |
|
any canal or passage |
| arachnoid |
|
the dilcate membrane interposed between the dura mater and the pia mater, and with them constituting the meninges (see meninges)
|
| areola |
|
the darkened area surrounding the nipple of the mammary gland |
| arrhythmia |
|
variation from the normal rhythm, especially of the heartbeat |
| ascites |
|
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| asphyxia |
|
deficiency of oxygen and increase of carbon dioxide in blood |
| aspiration |
|
the act of inhaling vomitus or mucus into the respiratory tract
|
| asthma |
|
a condition marked by recurrent attacks of dyspnea, with wheezing due to spasmodic constriction of the bronchi
|
| astigmatism |
|
is a vision condition that occurs when the front surface of the eye,
the cornea, is slightly irregular in shape; this irregular shape prevents light from
focusing properly on the retina which may cause blurred vision at all distances |
| asymmetry |
|
dissimilarity in corresponding parts or organs on opposite sides of the body which are normally alike
|
| ataxia |
|
irregularity of muscular action |
| atresia |
|
congenital absence or closure of a normal body |
| atrium |
|
a chamber affording entrance, especially the upper chamber on either side of the heart, transmitting to the ventricle of the same side blood received (left atruim) from the pulmonary veins and (right atrium) from the venae cavae |
| atrophy |
|
decrease in size |
| atypical |
|
irregular; not conformable to the type
|
| auricle |
|
the flap of the ear |
| autoimmune disease |
|
diseases due to immunologic action of one's own cells or antibodies on components of the body |
|
|
|
| bicuspid valve |
|
the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle (mitral valve) |
| bifid |
|
cleft into two parts or branches |
| bilateral |
|
pertaining to both sides |
| biliary |
|
pertaining to the bile, to the bile ducts, or to the gallbladder
|
| blepharoptosis |
|
drooping of an eyelid; ptosis |
| brachydactyly |
|
abnormal shortness of fingers |
| brachymesophalangy |
|
abnormal shortness of bones in fingers |
| bronchiectasis |
|
chronic dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles with secondary infection, usually involving the lower lobes of the lung |
| Burkitts lymphoma |
|
a form of malignant lymphoma (tumor) |
|
|
|
| café au lait macule |
|
pigmented macules of a distinctive light brown color, like
coffee with milk; as in neurofibromatosis and Albright's syndrome |
| canthus |
|
the angular junction of the eyelids at either corner of the eyes
|
| cardinal |
|
chief, main |
| caries |
|
cavities |
| cataract |
|
opacity (not transparent) of the lens of the eyes or its capsule (the connective tissue enveloping the posterior eyeball) |
| cerebral |
|
brain |
| chalazion |
|
a small eyelid cyst |
| cheiloplasty |
|
surgical repair of a lip defect |
| cholestasis |
|
stoppage or suppression of bile flow, due to factors within or outside the liver |
| cholesteatoma |
|
a benign growth of skin in an abnormal location such as the middle ear or petrous apex (an area of bone located deep in the inner ear) |
| chordee |
|
downward deflection of the penis |
| choroid |
|
the middle vascular coat of the eye |
| chromosome |
|
a structure in the nucleus of each cell in the body, containing DNA which transmits genetic information (see also gene) |
| clavicle |
|
an elongated, slender, curved bone lying horizontally at the root of the neck; also called collar bone |
| cleft palate |
|
congenital fissure or split of the roof of the mouth |
| cleidocranial |
|
pertaining to the clavicles and head |
| clindactyly |
|
permanent deviation or turning aside of finger |
| clonic |
|
when muscles contract and relax alternately, producing rythmic movements |
| club foot |
|
a deformity in which the foot is twisted out of normal position |
| coarctation |
|
narrowing |
| cochlea |
|
a spiral tube forming part of the inner ear, shaped like a snail shell which is the essential organ of hearing |
| coloboma |
|
an absence or defect of ocular tissue |
| columella (nasal) |
|
the fleshy external termination of the septum of the nose |
| conductive deafness |
|
sound vibrations are interrupted in the outer or middle ear before they reach the nerve endings of the inner ear; infections of middle ear can cause damage |
| congenital |
|
present at and existing from the time of birth |
| conjunctiva |
|
the delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball |
| connective tissue |
|
a fibrous type of body tissue with varied functions. The connective tissue system supports and connects internal organs, forms bones and the walls of blood vessels, attaches muscles to bones, and replaces tissues of other types following injury |
| consanguinity |
|
blood relationship |
| cornea |
|
the clear, transparent anterior covering of the eye |
| coronal |
|
a crown or encircling structure |
| corpus callosum |
|
an arched mass of white matter in the longtitudinal fissure, and made up of transverse fibers connecting the cerebral (brain) hemispheres
|
| cortical |
|
pertaining to the outer layer of an organ |
| coryza |
|
profuse discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose |
| coxa valga |
|
deformity of the hip joint |
| cranial sutures |
|
the lines of junction between the bones of the skull |
| craniosynostosis |
|
premature closure of the cranial sutures |
| cranium |
|
the skeleton of the head |
| cri du chat syndrome |
|
characteristics include a mewing cry as newborns, facial anomalies, physical abnormalities, language and motor skill difficulties, and varying degrees of intellectual disability |
| crown |
|
the topmost part of an organ or structure |
| cryptorchidism |
|
failure of one or both of the testes to descend into the scrotum |
| cubitus |
|
the elbow |
| cuboid |
|
bones in feet |
| cutaneous |
|
pertaining to the skin |
| cyanotic |
|
a bluish discoloration of the skin due to a decrease in oxygen in the blood |
| cyst |
|
a closed sac or capsule containing a liquid or semisolid substance
|
| cytogenetics |
|
the branch of genetics devoted to the cellular constituents concerned in heredity ex. chromosomes |
|
|
|
| delineating |
|
describing |
| dermal |
|
pertaining to the skin |
| dermataglyphics |
|
the study of the patterns of ridges of the skin of the fingers |
| dextroversion |
|
location of the heart in the right chest, the left ventricle remaining in the normal position on the left, byt lying anterior to the right ventricle
|
| diabetes insipidus |
|
a deficiency of the hormone vasopressin which leads to a metabolic disorder causing excessive thirst and the passage of large amounts of urine with no excess of sugar |
| diaphragmatic hernia |
|
protrusion of some of the contents of the abdomen through an opening in the diaphragm into the chest cavity |
| digit |
|
finger or toe |
| distal |
|
farther away from a point of reference such as center, midline, or the point of attachment
|
| distention |
|
stretched out or enlarged |
| dolich(o) |
|
word element, long |
| dorsal |
|
directed toward or situated on the back surface |
| double elevator palsy |
|
both elevator muscles of one eye are weak, with resultant inability or reduced ability to elevate the eye and a hypotropia in the primary position |
| ductus arteriosus |
|
a fetal blood vessel that joins the aorta and pulmonary artery (usually closes shortly before birth) |
| dysarthria |
|
imperfect articulation of speech due to disturbances of muscular control |
| dysgenesis |
|
defective development; malformation |
| dyslexia |
|
impairment of ability to comrehend written language |
| dysmorphism |
|
different features |
| dysodontiasis |
|
defective, delayed, or difficult eruption of the teeth |
| dysplastic(dysplasias) |
|
abnormal development ex. size or shape |
| dyspnea |
|
labored or difficult breathing |
| dyspraxia |
|
partial loss of ability to perform coordinated movements |
| dystopia |
|
malposition; displacement |
|
|
|
| ecchymosis |
|
a hemorrhagic spot, larger than a petechia, forming a nonelevated, round or irregular, blue or purplish patch |
| echocardiography |
|
a type of ultrasound of the heart |
| ectodermal |
|
the outermost of the three primitive germ layers of the embryo; from this layer are derived the epidermis and epidermic tissues such as the nails, hair and glands of the skin, the nervous system, external sense organs (eye, ear, etc) and mucous membrane of the mouth and anus |
| ectopy |
|
displacement or malposition, esp. if congenital |
| ectropion |
|
turning outward (eversion) of the margin of an eyelid |
| effusion |
|
escape of a fluid into a part |
| electrolyte |
|
a substance that dissociates into ions when fused or in solution, thus becoming capable of conducting electricity; within the body, the electrolytes play an essential role in the workings of the cell and in maintaining fluid balnce and a normal acid-base balance |
| emesis |
|
vomitting |
| encephalocele |
|
hernial protrusion of brain substance through a congenital or traumatic opening of the skull |
| endocrine |
|
pertaining to internal secretions; hormonal |
| enterocolitis |
|
inflammation of the small intestine and colon |
| epidermis |
|
the outermost, non vascular layer of the skin |
| epiblepharon |
|
a developmental anomaly in which a horizontal fold of skin stretches across the border of the eyelid; on the lower lid it may press the lashes againstthe eyeball |
| epibulbar |
|
situated upon the eyeball |
| epibulbar dermoids |
|
benign fibrous tumors found on the edge of the cornea |
| epicanthus |
|
a vertical fold of skin on either side of the nose |
| epiphysis |
|
the end of a long bone |
| Epstein-Barr virus |
|
(EBV); a herpesvirus that is the agent of infectious mononucleosis and Burkitts lymphoma |
| erythroblastosis |
|
the presence of erythroblasts (immature red blood cells) in the circulating blood |
| erythroblastosis fetalis |
|
a condition which develops in the fetus due to an incompatibility between the mother's blood type (RH factor) and the baby's; maternal antibodies, which enter the fetal circulation during delivery attack the baby's red blood cells leading to hemolysis (rupture of the cells) |
| erythrocyte |
|
a red blood cell, or corpuscle; one of the formed elements in blood |
| esotropia |
|
convergent strabismus (see strabismus) |
| etiology |
|
the science dealing with causes of disease |
| eutocia |
|
normal labor or childbirth |
| eventration |
|
elevation of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity |
| eversion |
|
turning inside out |
| exogenous |
|
originating outside or caused by factors outside the organism |
| exotropia |
|
strabismus in which there is permanent deviation of the visual axis of one eye away from that of the other, resulting in diplopia (double vision); called also divergent strabismus
|
|
|
|
| facies |
|
the expression or appearance of the face |
| febrile |
|
fever |
| fenestration |
|
the act of perforating or the condition of being perforated |
| fissure |
|
a narrow slit or cleft |
| fistula |
|
any abnormal, tubelike passage within body tissue, usually between two internal organs, or leading from an internal organ to the body surface
|
| follicle |
|
a sac or pouchlike depresssion or cavity
|
| FSH |
|
follicle stimulating hormone; one of the gonadotropic hormones that stimlates the development of the ovary and testes |
| fusion |
|
the abnormal coherence of adjacent parts or bodies |
|
|
|
| gamma globulin |
|
a plasma protein developed in the lymphoid tissues in responde to bacteria, viruses and toxins |
| gavage |
|
tube feeding; especially through a tube passed into the stomach
|
| gena valga |
|
knock-knee |
| gene |
|
one of the biologic units of heredity, located at a definite position (locus) on a particular chromosome; genes make up segments of the complex DNA molecule that controls cellular reproduction and function; there are thousands of genes in the chromosomes of each cell nucleus |
| genu recurvatum |
|
hyperextensibility of the knee joint |
| gestation |
|
the period of development from the time of fertilization to birth
|
| GH |
|
growth hormone; secreted by the pituitary gland |
| gonad |
|
a sex gland; ovary and testes |
| gonadotropin |
|
a hormone released by the pituitary gland; stimulates the development of gonads (ovary or testes) |
| gonalgia |
|
pain in the knee |
| gynaecomastia |
|
excessive development of breasts in males |
|
|
|
| Hardikar syndrome |
|
a syndrome of multiple abnormalities comprising obstructive liver disease with cholestasis, hydroureter and hydronephrosis, cleft lip and palate, retinal pigmentation, and gastrointestinal obstructive disorders, intellectual development is usually normal or moderately delayed, initial growth delay is a constant feature; this and Kabuki syndrome share many common characteristics |
| HCG |
|
human chorionic gonadotropin; used in treatment of underdevelopment of the gonads since it causes the secretion of terstosterone |
| helix |
|
the superior and posterior free margin of the pinna of the ear
|
| hemangioma |
|
a benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels, clustered together, often forming a reddish or purplish birthmark |
| hemarthrosis |
|
blood in a joint cavity |
| hematuria |
|
the discharge of blood in the urine |
| hemoglobin |
|
the oxygen-carrying pigment of the blood; the principal protein in the erythrocyte; the pigment in hemoglobin gives blood its red color |
| hemolysis |
|
rupture of erythrocytes (red blood cells) with release of hemoglobin into the plasma |
| hepatomegaly |
|
enlargement of the liver |
| hernia |
|
the abnormal protrusion of part of an organ or tissue through the structures normally containing it. A weak spot or other abnormal opening in a body wall permits part of the organ to bulge through |
| heterozygosity |
|
the state of having different alleles in regard to a given character (see allele) |
| hirsutism |
|
abnormal hairiness |
| horseshoe kidneys |
|
a congenital anomaly where the right and left kidneys are connected at the lower poles |
| humoral |
|
any fluid or semi-fluid in the body |
| hydramnios |
|
excess of amniotic fluid (fluid that fetus floats in) |
| hydrocephalus |
|
a condition characterized by enlargement of the cranium cased by abnormal accumulation of cerbrospinal fluid; called also water on the brain |
| hydronephrosis |
|
distention of the renal pelvis and calices with urine |
| hydrops |
|
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the tissues or in a body cavity; called also dropsy |
| hydrops fetalis |
|
accumulation of fluid in the entire body of the newborn infant, in erythroblastosis fetalis |
| hydroureteronephrosis |
|
distention of both the ureter and the renal pelvis and calices with urine because of the obstruction of the ureter |
| hypermetropia |
|
far sightedness |
| hyperphosphatasemia |
|
an excess of phosphates in the blood |
| hypertelorism |
|
abnormally increased distance between two organs or parts |
| hypertrichosis |
|
excessive hairiness |
| hypertrophy |
|
increase in volume of a tissue or organ produced entirely by enlargement of existing cells |
| hypo |
|
abnormally decreased; deficient |
| hypoglycemia |
|
decrease blood sugar |
| hypophyseal |
|
pertaining to the hypophysis (pituitary gland) |
| hypoplasia |
|
incomplete development |
| hypospadias |
|
a developmental anomaly in the male in which the urethra opens on the under side of the penis or on the perineum
|
| hypothalmus |
|
a portion of the brain lying at the base of the brain; some of its many functions include: regulates temperature of body, influences the production of pituitary hormones, influences many involuntary actions such as gastrointestinal motility & secretion, |
| hypotonic |
|
decrease tone or muscle strength |
|
|
|
| icterus |
|
jaundice |
| idiopathic |
|
self-originated; occurring without known cause |
| immunoglobulin |
|
a protein with known antibody activity (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM) |
| imperforate |
|
not open |
| incisors |
|
any of eight front teeth (four on top, four on bottom) |
| inguinal |
|
pertaining to the groin |
| intravenous pyelogram |
|
an x-ray of kidney using an injection of dye |
| iridocoloboma |
|
congenital fissure or coloboma of the iris |
| isthmus |
|
a narrow connection between two larger bodies or parts |
| ITP |
|
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura |
|
|
|
| jaundice |
|
yellowness of skin, sclerae and excretions due to an excess of bilirubin and bile pigments in the blood; is a symptom of a number of different diseases and disorders of the liver, gallbladder or blood
|
| juxta- |
|
near |
|
|
|
| karyotype |
|
the chromosomal constitution of the cell nucleus |
| keratoplasty |
|
plastic surgery of the cornea |
| keratosis |
|
any horny growth, such as a wart or callosity |
| keratosis pilaris |
|
a common skin condition in which keratin, a protein in the skin, builds up around hair follicles; has a rough, almost goose-bump appearance of the skin over the outer upper arm and outer upper thighs, although it can occur on other areas of the body |
| kyphosis |
|
abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine, also called hunchback |
|
|
|
| labyrinth |
|
the internal ear, consisting of the vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals |
| lacrimal |
|
pertaining to tears |
| laryngeal webbing |
|
a condition where a membrane grows between the true vocal cords, resulting in a voice disorder that affects phonation and can cause blockage of the airway |
| laryngo |
|
referring to the larynx |
| larynx |
|
the muscular and cartilaginous structure, lined with mucous membrane, situated at the top of the trachea and below the root of the tongue; contains the vocal cords; is part of the respiratory system as air passes through the larynx as it travels to and from the lungs |
| lateral |
|
pertaining to a side |
| lentectomy |
|
incision of the lens of the eye |
| leukocytes |
|
blood corpuscles whose chief function is to protect the body against microorganisms that cause disease |
| leukocytopenia |
|
(leukopenia), reduction in number of leukocytes in blood |
| lipomatosis |
|
a condition characterized by abnormal localized, or tumor-like, accumulations of fat in the tissues
|
| locus |
|
place; site; in genetics, the specific site of a gene on a chromosome |
| Long QT syndrome |
|
an abnormality of the heart electrical system due to defects in heart muscle cell structures called ion channels; predisposes affected persons to a very fast heart rhythm (arrhythmia) |
| lordosis |
|
foreward curvature of the lumbar spine |
| luteinizing hormone |
|
a hormone released by the pituitary gland; causes ovulation in females and secretion of testosterone in males |
|
|
|
| macula |
|
a discolored spot on the skin that is not raised above the surface |
| malacia |
|
morbid softening or softness of a part or tissue |
| malar |
|
the cheek or cheek bone |
| malocclusion |
|
misplacement of teeth resulting in the faulty meeting of the teeth or jaws |
| malrotation of the intestine |
|
a congenital condition of the intestine which has failed to complete it's normal positioning in the abdomen |
| mandible |
|
the bone forming the lower jaw |
| Marcus Gunn |
|
also called Marcus Gunn Jaw-Winking syndrome; a winking motion of an eyelid on movement of the jaw |
| mastoid process |
|
a conical protuberance of the posterior portion of the temporal bone that is situated behind the ear and serves as a site of muscle attachment |
| maxilla |
|
the bones that form the upper jaw |
| median |
|
situated in the midline of body or structure |
| megaly |
|
enlargement |
| megaureter |
|
enlargement of the ureter |
| meninges |
|
the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord: the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater
|
| menorrhagia |
|
excessive menstruation |
| mesentery |
|
a membranous fold attaching various organs to the body wall |
| metabolism |
|
the sum total of the physical and chemical processes and reactions taking place among the ions, atoms and molecules of the body. Essentially these processes are concerned with the disposition of the nutrients absorbed into the blood following digestion |
| metacarpals |
|
the bones between wrist and fingers |
| metacarpophalangeal |
|
bones in hands and fingers |
| metopic |
|
pertaining to the forehead |
| micro |
|
small |
| microcephaly |
|
small head compared to rest of body |
| microcornea |
|
abnormal smallness of the cornea |
| micrognathia |
|
abnormal smallness of the jaws |
| micropthalmia |
|
abnormal smallness of the eyeballs |
| Mondini dysplasia |
|
an inner ear malformation characterized by abnormal development of the cochlea which causes sensorineural hearing loss |
| monosomy |
|
the presence of only one chromosome in a body cell (instead of the usual two) |
| myocardium |
|
the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle |
| myopathy |
|
any disease of a muscle |
| myopia |
|
near sightedness |
| myringotomy |
|
surgical incision of the ear drum to relieve pressure and provide for drainage in an infection of the middle ear
|
|
|
|
| nape |
|
the back of the neck |
| nasal |
|
pertaining to the nose |
| navicular |
|
bone in feet |
| necrosis |
|
death of individual cells or groups of cells, or of localized areas of tissue
|
| neural tube defects |
|
encompass a spectrum of malformations of the cranium, spine and nervous system that includes anencephaly, spina bifida and encephalocele |
| neuropathy |
|
any functional disturbances in the peripheral (not brain or spinal cord) nervous system |
| nevus |
|
mole |
| nucha |
|
the nape or back of the neck |
| nystagmus |
|
involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball (can be horizontal, vertical or rotary movements) |
|
|
|
| occipital |
|
pertaining to the back and base of the skull, near the occipital bone |
| occult |
|
obscure or hidden from veiw |
| ocular |
|
pertaining to the eye |
| oedematous(edema) |
|
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces of the body |
| olig(o) |
|
word element, few; scanty |
| oligodontia |
|
congenital absence of some of the teeth |
| oligohydramnios |
|
deficiency in the amount of amniotic fluid
|
| oligophrenia |
|
mental deficiency |
| opacities |
|
neither translucent nor transparent |
| opthalmia |
|
severe inflammation of the eye or of the conjunctiva or deeper structures of the eye |
| opthalmoplegia |
|
paralysis of eyes |
| orchidopexy |
|
plastic surgery of testes |
| osseous |
|
of the nature or quality of bone; bony |
| osteoporosis |
|
reduced amount of bone tissue, which in turn causes the bones to become fragile and to break more easily |
| otitis |
|
ear infection |
|
|
|
| Pagets Disease |
|
also called osteitis deformans; a generalized skeletal disease, frequently familial, in which bone resorption and formation are both increased, leading to thickening and softening of bones (e.g., the skull), and bending of weight-bearing bones |
| palpable |
|
perceptible by touch |
| palpebral fissures |
|
the longitudinal opening between the eyelids (the length between outer corner to inner corner of the eye) |
| palsy |
|
paralysis |
| parenchymal |
|
pertaining to the essential or functional elements of the organ |
| parietal |
|
pertaining to the walls of an organ or cavity; pertaining to or located near the parietal bone (bones forming the sides and roof of the skull) |
| patella |
|
kneecap |
| patent |
|
open, unobstructed, not closed |
| pathogenesis |
|
the cellular events and reactions and other pathologic mechanisms ocurring in the development of disease
|
| pathology |
|
that branch of medicine treating of the essential nature of disease, especially of the changes in body tissues and organs which cause or are caused by disease
|
| pectus excavatum |
|
a congenital malformation of the chest wall characterized by a pronounced funnel-shaped depression; also called funnel chest |
| pedigree |
|
line of ancestors |
| perforation |
|
a hole or break in the containing walls or membranes of an organ or structure of the body; occurs when erosion, infection, or other factors create a weak spot in the organ and internal pressure causes a rupture |
| perinatal |
|
relating to the period shortly before and after birth |
| perineum |
|
the pelvic floor and associated structures occupying the pelvic outlet; the lower portion of the trunk of the body, forming a basin |
| peroneal |
|
pertaining to the fibula (one of the lower leg bones) |
| pes planus |
|
flat footed |
| pes valgus |
|
flat footed |
| petechia |
|
a minute, non raised, perfectly round, purplish red spot caused by hemorrhage, which later turns blue or yellow |
| phalanges |
|
bones in fingers (or toes) |
| phallic |
|
pertaining to the penis |
| pharynx |
|
throat |
| phenotype |
|
the outward, visible expression |
| philately |
|
the collection and study of postage and imprinted stamps |
| philtrum |
|
the vertical groove in the median portion of the upper lip |
| phosphates |
|
function as buffer salts to maintain acid-base balance in blood and other body fluids |
| phthisis bulbi |
|
shrinkage of the eyeball |
| pigmented villonodular synovitis |
|
a slow growing, benign, and locally invasive tumor of the synovium (fluid secreted in joints); usually involves knee, hip, elbow, and ankle |
| pili torti |
|
twisted hair; hair is coarse, dry, lusterless, and breaks off, leaving a stubble of variable length |
| pilonidal sinus |
|
a dimple in the crease between the buttocks; may indicate a tethered cord |
| pinna |
|
the flap of the ear |
| pituitary gland |
|
the master gland of the endocrine system; controls hormone production of other endocrine glands; this pea sized gland lies at the base of the brain |
| plagiocephaly |
|
bizarre distortion of the shape of the skull resulting from irregular closure of the cranial sutures |
| plantar |
|
pertaining to the sole of the foot |
| plasma |
|
the fluid portion of the blood in which corpuscles (ex. red blood cells, white blood cells) are suspended |
| platelets |
|
(thrombocytes); blood elements that adhere to damaged surfaces; principally concerned with coagulation of blood |
| poliosis |
|
premature grayness of the hair |
| polycythaemia |
|
increase in the total cell mass in blood |
| polyglandular |
|
pertaining to or affecting several glands |
| polyglandular autoimmune disease |
|
autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system confuses normal body tissue, "self", with a foreign intruder, and attacks it |
| polyhydramnios |
|
excess of amniotic fluid |
| polymicrogyria |
|
an anomaly of the brain (due to abnormal migration of neurons to the cortex or post migrational damage); may involve the wole brain, but usually parts of the brain; can be cause of mental retardation or seizures |
| portal |
|
pertaining to an entrance |
| posterior |
|
directed toward or situated at the back |
| pre |
|
in front of, before |
| preauricular pit |
|
an indentation in front of the auricle of the ear |
| precocious puberty |
|
early puberty |
| primordium |
|
the first beginnings of an organ or part in the developing embryo |
| prone |
|
lying face downward, or on the ventral surface |
| proptosis |
|
foreward displacement or bulging, esp. of the eye |
| pseud(o) |
|
word element, appearing like, but not actually it; false |
| ptosis |
|
paralytic drooping of the upper eye lid |
| pulmonary |
|
pertaining to the lungs, or to the pulmonary artery |
| pulmonary lymphangiectasia |
|
dilation of pulmonary/lymphatic vessels |
| pyel |
|
word element, renal pelvis (the funnel-shaped expansion of the upper end of the ureter into which the renal calices open) |
| pyelostomy |
|
the operation of forming an opening in the renal pelvis for the purpose of temporarily diverting the urine from the ureter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| reactive airway disease |
|
catch-all diagnosis to describe many illnesses that cause a child to wheeze; asthma is one type of reactive airways disease |
| recurvation |
|
a backward bending or curvature |
| redundant |
|
exceeding what is normal |
| reflux |
|
backwards flow |
| renal |
|
pertaining to the kidney |
| retrognathia |
|
underdevelopment of the maxilla and/or mandible |
| rhino |
|
nose |
| rhinopharyngitis |
|
inflammation of the nasopharynx |
| rhizotomy |
|
division or transection of a nerve root, either within the spinal canal or outside it |
|
|
|
| sacrum |
|
the triangular-shaped bone at the base of the spine |
| sclera |
|
white outer coat of the eyeball |
| scoliosis |
|
curvature of the spine |
| sella turcica |
|
a depression in the middle line of the upper surface of the sphenoid bone (at the base of skull) in which the pituitary gland is lodged |
| septum |
|
a wall or partition dividing a body space or cavity |
| serous |
|
pertaining to serum; thin and watery, like serum |
| serum |
|
the clear portion of any animal or plant fluid that remains after the solid elements have been separated out |
| sinus |
|
a recess, cavity or channel |
| sinusitus |
|
inflammation of one or more of the parnasal sinuses |
| somatic |
|
pertaining to or characteristic of the body |
| spina bifida |
|
is a fault in the spinal column in which one or more vertebrae (the bones which form the backbone) fail to form properly, leaving a gap or split; it may be so extensive as to allow herniation of the spinal cord and meninges, or it may be covered by intact skin and evident only on radiologic examination |
| stenosis |
|
narrowing or contraction of a body passage or opening |
| strabismus |
|
when one or both of your eyes turns in, out, up or down; poor eye
muscle control usually causes crossed-eyes |
| stridor |
|
a shrill, harsh sound, especially the respitatory sound heard during inspiration in laryngeal obstruction |
| subclavian |
|
below the clavicle |
| subluxation |
|
incomplete or partial dislocation |
| sulci |
|
groove |
| superior |
|
situated above, or directed upward |
| syndactyly |
|
webbing between fingers (cutanecus meaning skin) |
| sykinesis |
|
an unintentional movement accompanying an intentional movement |
| synostosis |
|
normal or abnormal union of two bones by osseous material |
| systemic |
|
pertaining to or affecting the body as a whole |
|
|
|
| tachypnea |
|
very rapid respirations |
| tarsal |
|
seven bones in foot (includes navicular and cuboid bones) |
| tele |
|
word element, far away |
| telecanthus |
|
abnormally long distance from the inside corner of the eye to the nose |
| teratogenic |
|
a physical defect in the developing embryo caused by an outside agent (ex. medicine) |
| tethered spinal cord |
|
a group of complicated developmental malformations of the spinal cord; in general what all of these conditions have in common is a tugging of the spinal cord at the base of the spinal canal; as children grow, their spinal cords do not grow as quickly as their spinal columns so relatively the spinal cord must be able to freely ascend on the inside of the spinal column during growth; if various abnormal structures are holding onto the spinal cord from below it stretches the spinal cord and this can lead to progressive loss of function |
| tetralogy of Fallot |
|
a congenital defect of the heart that combines four structural anomalies: pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary artery); ventricular septal defect, or abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles; dextroposition (displacement to the rig |
| thelarche |
|
beginning of development of the breast at puberty |
| thoracic |
|
pertaining to the chest |
| thrombocytopenia |
|
decrease in number of platelets in blood |
| thrombocytopenic purpura |
|
a hemorrhagic disease that causes bruises and small red patches on the skin |
| thrombosis |
|
formation or presence of blood clots inside a blood vessel or in one of the chambers of the heart |
| tonic |
|
when all muscles tighten until person becomes rigid |
| tracheomalacia |
|
softening of the tracheal cartilages |
| transposition of great vessels |
|
a congenital heart defect, in which the position of the chief blood vessels of the heart is reversed |
| transverse |
|
extending from side to side |
| trapezoid |
|
irregualr, four-sided |
| tricuspid valve |
|
the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle |
| trigonocephaly |
|
triangular shape of the head due to sharp forward angulation at the midline of the frontal bone
|
| trisomy |
|
the presence of an additional (third) chromnosome in a body cell (instead of the usual two) |
| TSH |
|
thyroid-stimulating hormone |
| Turner syndrome |
|
a syndrome characterized by retarded growth and sexual development, webbing of the neck, low posterior hair line margin and other deformities; it is associated with absence or structural abnormality of the scond sex chromosome |
| tympanic membrane |
|
a thin membrane separating the middle ear from the outer ear; the eardrum |
|
|
|
| urethra |
|
the tubular passage through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior of the body
|
| uvula |
|
the small fleshy mass hanging from the soft palate above the root of the tongue |
|
|
|
| valgus |
|
bent outward |
| van der Woude syndrome |
|
a syndrome typically consisting of a cleft lip or cleft palate and distinctive pits of the lower lips; other manifestations include lip pits alone, absent teeth, or isolated cleft lip and palate of varying degrees of severity |
| varix |
|
an enlarged, tortuous vein, artery, or lymphatic vessel |
| varus |
|
bent inward |
| vascular |
|
pertaining to blood vessels |
| vasopressin |
|
a hormone released by the pituitary; it constricts blood vessels |
| velopalantine |
|
soft palate |
| velopharyngeal |
|
pertaining to the velum palatinum (soft palate) and pharynx |
| veloplasty |
|
plastic surgery of soft palate |
| vena cava |
|
vein which drains blood from head, neck upper limbs, and thorax to the right atrium of heart |
| ventral |
|
directed toward or situated on the belly surface |
| ventricle |
|
a small cavity or chamber, as in the brain or heart |
| ventricular septal defect |
|
a congenital heart defect in which there is persistent patency of the ventricular septum. The defect permits flow of blood directly from one ventricle to the other, resulting in bypassing of the pulmonary circulation and producing varying degrees of cyano |
| vermillion border |
|
the exposed red portion of the upper or lower lip |
| vertebrae |
|
any of the separate sections that make up the spine |
| visceral |
|
organs |
| vitiligo |
|
a condition in which destruction of melanocytes (pigment of skin) results in patches of depigmentation often having a hyperpigmented border, and often enlargening slowly |
| volvulus |
|
twisting of a loop of intestine, causing obstruction with or without strangulation |
| vulgaris |
|
ordinary, common |
|
|
|
| West syndrome |
|
a type of seizures called infantile spasms, usually first affecting children less than one year of age; an EEG will not show the usual quiet rhythms that usually occur at this age, instead frequent sudden bursts of electrical activity, some of high voltage and the recording appearing chaotic |
| Wolf Parkinson White Syndrome |
|
in WPW an extra electrical pathway exists between
the atria and the ventricles, this extra pathway may at times encourage a rapid heart rhythm |
